Application programming interfaces (APIs) are everywhere. They enable software to communicate with other pieces of software—internal or external—consistently, which is a key ingredient in scalability, not to mention reusability.
It’s quite common nowadays for online services to have public-facing APIs. These enable other developers to easily integrate features like social media logins, credit card payments, and behavior tracking. The de facto standard they use for this is called REpresentational State Transfer (REST).